Glycine — Supports deeper, restorative sleep

Improves sleep quality, reduces sleep latency, and lowers core body temperature.

Sources:

• Bannai M & Kawai N. (2012). Glycine and sleep: A review. Sleep and Biological Rhythms.
• Yamadera W. et al. (2007). Glycine ingestion improves subjective sleep quality. Sleep and Biological Rhythms.
• Kawai N. et al. (2015). Glycine ingestion improves fatigue and daytime sleepiness. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences.

Magnesium Glycinate — Eases tension & supports relaxation

Regulates neurotransmitters, supports melatonin production, and improves sleep quality.

Sources:

• Abbasi B. et al. (2012). Magnesium supplementation for primary insomnia. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.
• Wienecke E. et al. (2016). Magnesium and sleep regulation. Nutrients.
• Rondanelli M. et al. (2021). Magnesium and sleep quality: A systematic review. Nutrients.

L‑Theanine — Promotes calm & smoother sleep onset

Increases GABA, serotonin, and alpha‑wave activity to reduce mental tension.

Sources:

• Hidese S. et al. (2019). Effects of L‑theanine on stress and sleep quality. Nutrients.
• Lyon MR. et al. (2011). L‑theanine improves sleep quality in boys with ADHD. Alternative Medicine Review.
• Ota M. et al. (2015). L‑theanine increases alpha brain waves. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.

Taurine — Supports nighttime recovery & nervous system calm

Acts as an inhibitory neuromodulator and activates GABA‑A receptors.

Sources:

• Jia F. et al. (2008). Taurine activates GABA_A receptors in the thalamus. Journal of Neuroscience.
• El Idrissi A. (2008). Taurine as a neuromodulator. Neurochemical Research.
• Huxtable RJ. (1992). Physiological actions of taurine. Physiological Reviews.

Apigenin — Chamomile‑derived calm & reduced nighttime stress

Binds to the benzodiazepine site on GABA‑A receptors to promote relaxation.

Sources:

• Avallone R. et al. (2000). Benzodiazepine‑like compounds in chamomile. Life Sciences.
• Srivastava JK. et al. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports.
• Viola H. et al. (1995). Apigenin is a ligand for the benzodiazepine receptor. Biochemical Pharmacology.

Micro‑Dose Melatonin — Gentle sleep signal without grogginess

Supports circadian timing and reduces sleep onset latency with minimal next‑day effects.

Sources:

• Ferracioli‑Oliveira D. et al. (2020). Melatonin and sleep: A review of human trials. Sleep Science.
• Zhdanova IV. et al. (1995). Low‑dose melatonin improves sleep in humans. PNAS.
• Brzezinski A. (1997). Melatonin in humans. New England Journal of Medicine.